Raspberry Pi OS current version and recency

Objective:

On a headless Raspberry Pi 3B+, resolve what the current installed OS version is, including checking if it’s in line with currently available version.  This post is less about how to upgrade OS and more for basic version checks.

Procedure:

SSH into RP3B+ from RP5

-OK.  Still need to resolve how to both shorten the password, as it’s just me internally doing this, and also how to automate the password from the RP5.

cat /etc/os-release

-Took me a while to figure out a couple things about this command.  cat means to concatenate, which means to read an existing file and display on screen.  This presupposes that after you do an install/upgrade, a file is written to /etc directory.  This also means it’s not returning information from a live running process.

-It’s coming back saying that I have versio 13 Trixie.  I’m less enamored about OS names, after dealing the MacOS several years back.  IMHO, because of over identification, people liked to use the OS name more than the version number.  I could not care less what the name is, as I have to resolve the version number in order to make sense of anything.

-The Debian version fill is 13.6.  That’s interesting — does that mean it’s being more specific?

-I definitely have Raspbian GNU/Linux.  OK.

lsb_release -a

-Focus here on output of Distributor: Raspbian; Description: Raspbian GNU/Linux 13 (trixie); Release: 13; Codename trixie

-Basically, the same information with specific variable names

uname -a

-Now we’re getting closer with more detail, as this should return Linux Kernel version.  Remember that I installed the 32-bit headless version.  Comes back with the name of the server (hostname).

-SMP Raspbian 1:6.18.50-1+rpt1 (2026-09-11) armv71 GNU/Linux

-I’m thinking the codebase that’s installed is a version from 9/11/26

-NOTE: I just learned that arm71 means 32-bit.  If it returned aarch64, that would be 64-bit

-Not sure what the reference to: 6.18.50 is, as I thought it was version 13.6

NOTE: On my RP5, which is 64-bit 16GB I ran uname-a

-Version 16.8, and yes – aarch64.  Debian version is 13.7, which makes sense as I’ve been  doing auto-updates on the RP5 lately.

hostnamectl

-Reminds me that the archicture is “arm” – arm71 in my case

https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/operating-systems/

-When I go this site, I can see, based on a different flavors (32-bit, 64-bit), different specifics and downloads.  This is coming from home-based of Raspberry Pi as well, so I’m trusting it

-Here’s the info for 32-bit headless, without desktop

Raspberry Pi OS Lite

A port of Debian Trixie with no desktop environment

Release date 6 Oct 2026
System 32-bit
Kernel version 6.18
Debian version 13 (trixie)
Download size 543 MB
Storage required 2,656 MB

Based on the date being 6 October, looks like my version and it’s 32-bit

That explains the 6.18.  The Kernel version is 6.18

The Debian version is 13

I’m still learning the distinction between Debian and Kernel.  Wild to think the whole OK is 543MB in size.

Summary:

-For now, I’ve achieved what I was after.  I now understand the name of the OS (trixie); the Debian version; the Kernel version; confirmed bit level; resolved that what I have is still current as of 10/7/26.

-Now I just work on things like patches and updates

-I just noticed something.  It said release date 6 October, which was yesterday.  I installed over a week ago.  That means that what is on the server is a newer version.  Probably a sub update, as still version 16.8.  So far so good.

 

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My IT background and awareness of unix, c and tcp/ip

My first awareness of microcomputers was circa 1981-1983 when I saw students working on an Apple computer with a cassette tape loading various programs.  In 1983, in High School in New York City, appeared the same machine, with a floppy disk system.  That’s where the fascination began, and I started with BASIC programming.

In the same High School (1984-1985), the school integrated what looked like a central server with terminals attached (just looked it up, and it was the: Informex Wicat Multi-User System 150).  It was used for Business Math class, and also included a typing tutor program, which is where I learned to touch-type).  A side-benefit was that the room required consistent air-conditioning, which was a welcome respite from the heat/humidity outside of NYC.

Next stop was undergraduate at Fordham University in the Bronx in Fall of 1985.  While not initially thinking of computer science as a major, I found in Dealy Hall several rooms with VT100 terminals.  These were connected to an array of Servers (DEC VAX-11/785  and DEC PDP-11).  Additional models like the DEC VAX-8700 arrived the following year.  The server names were named after the Mary Tyler Moore Show characters (eg. Murray, Mary, Lars, etc).

The university also had an Academic Microcomputer Lab which initially housed Commodore 64, and then transitioned to IBM PC and some Samna systems.

After taking Intro to Computers, using the DEC VAX-785 (Murray) minicomputer, with its VMS Operating System, and learning DCL (Digital Command Language) and BASIC Programming, I became a student worker (Computer Lab Assistant), with a cast of other fellow student characters.  I think Unix was only available on a specific MicroVax, which I didn’t have access to, so I had to wait until Linux came out before I started seeing what Unix looked like.

I remember an early conversation around 1986 with one of the Systems Programmers who said, “Learn Unix and C programming.  Also, TCP/IP is going to be a really big deal soon”.  His foresight was right on.  At that time, Fordham’s domain names were FordMURH.edu and FordMULC.edu and required a frequent manual uploading of all systems for lists of all systems and networks, worldwide.  Soon after, it standardized with fordham.edu.  That was also the time it was fun to connect with other universities world-wide, and the world became a smaller place.  Various BBS boards; listservs to join and learn from.

The same systems programmer taught “Introduction to C Programming” in the summer of 1986, I think, which was an introduction to a high level programming language, when compiled, that was closest to actual machine language.  You could really create small sized code to do exactly what you wanted.  I understood that C is what Unix is written in, which explains why I still have the First Edition of Kernigan and Ritchie’s book on my shelf.  Somehow, I had a hard time getting it, but it’s likely because I wasn’t being really patient with understanding the fundamentals.  On the same systems, across various courses, I learned (or was introduced to): Pascal, Fortran, COBOL, and Assembly Language.  Assembly was quite something, and I lucked out, because I was roommates with the Lincoln Center Systems Programmer who was uber-smart on all this stuff, and able to get my code working.  Tons of green bar printouts were reviewed over the years.

On the Microcomputer side, we had Turbo C and Turbo Pascal.  Never got into Prolog.  I had a Mac SE-20 (20MB hard-drive) and had a C compiler, but again, didn’t have the full interest or time to get into learning C.

I’m really good at hoarding computer books, so I still have Herb Schildt’s “Teach Yourself C”, which the label says I purchased in 1989.  That’s going to be a good book to go through.  I also have the K&R book and other C related books.  I think I knew that learning C would be a useful skill to have, and just needed to resolve when.  I also believe that learning a programming language is a good brain exercise in many ways (problem solving; patience; logic; reasoning, etc).

Skipping ahead to now (October 2026), I’m making some headways with Raspberry Pi installs, which are fun to work with.  Initial idea is to go through some electronic packages like www.craftingtable.com which include breadboards and resistors, and sensors, and basically make something work, over just programming stuff on the screen.  Early stages, but the system up and working.  Also, a good way of learning electronics.

In hindsight, it’s somewhat surreal that on my desk, I now have access to a Raspberry Pi 5 16GB (Debian Linux) board (with keyboard, monitor, mouse and 128GB SD card!) and am using SSH to connect to a WiFi connected Raspberry Pi 3B+ 1GB system (with a 32GB SD Card!), where I’m now learning CLI by going through www.linuxcommands.com books.  The capacity and the ability to do stuff now, including realtime web searches for answers to things (with AI) is beyond what I could imagine going back to the early days of seeking out air-conditioned rooms.

Many projects to dabble with: command line Linux; C Programming; Python Programming; Electronics Projects towards basic robotics and towards AI systems; my own Weather Station (using WeeWx).  What’s great is that learning one thing, somehow assists something else at some point.

As relates to Linux, I now see the path:

Unix

Bourne SH (Shell)

GNU Project (where GNU is recursive of “GNU is not Unix”)

BASH (Bourne again Shell), which is what I have, I think

Linux (Linus Torvalds)

Ubuntu (which I’ve installed in the past on various laptops, but ended up just using as a GUI desktop for web searches).

I think I now have a: Debian GNU/Linux system that is used by Raspberry Pi.

That’s my short-story of going down a memory lane from early 80’s thru 2026.  Wow, that’s more than 40 year span!   Just learned some commands: date, uptime, df, free

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Powering up RP 3B+ for first time – for weather station

The Raspberry Pi Imager process went well

When I unplugged the USB Adapter, it complained, saying that I should have ejected first.  But…  the light was red on the adapter, and the Imager app said safe to eject, so who knows.

Flipping the Pi 3B+ over, it’s not obvious how to insert the MicroSD card

I have the Pi 3B+ upside down, with the SD card slot on the right side.  The card goes in, label up, with the numbering effectively upside down.  The thumbnail raised part is visible.  Appears weird, as it doesn’t fully go in.

Powercable has been attached to APC UPS box.  I got an adapter so I go to the Micro USB size port.

Plugged it in.  I see a solid red light and a, every so often, flickering green light.  Something tells me it booted up, and now waiting for me to connect.  This is headerless, so now to doing SSH

Phew!  Glad I documented as I went.  The hostname I created was weather-3b and not weather_3b

ssh with my username @ weather-3b worked.  It knows it’s 192.168.12.149.  Some message about the key fingerprint can’t be established for authenticity, but giving me the go ahead to connect.

ssh again.  This time it wants the passphrase for key.  Entered that.

Success!!  I was able to SSH in to the Pi 3B+.  For the now the new Pi is just resting on top of its cardboard box.

I’m still a bit unclear about needing the passphrase, and what the prior message was.  I thought that by creating the keys on the RP5, and that being the machine doing the SSH, it would not need to be as authenticated.

It’s also giving a message about “Your environment specifies an invalid locale.”  That’s next to be addressed.  Something about future issues with ability to manage packages.

I can install the locales by running:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales (and then select the missing language)

Note: Not sure how I would have managed this without on-demand web searches (with AI), but I’m looking for:

The correct locale for a Raspberry Pi 3B+ when using English in California is en_US.UTF-8

I scrolled down and pressed spacebar on: en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8, and clicked OK

Now it asks me for a default language for the default locale for the system environment. It’s only me, and I speak English, so I selected: en_US.UTF-8

Not sure if that did anything, as there is a message about it falling back to en_GB.UTF-8, which I think its Great Britain.  But, they speak English over there.

There are some open loops in my mind/thinking regarding security (SSH) and the language locale, but I think it’s up and running.  Obviously the WiFi connection worked, as that’s how my wired Raspberry Pi 5 was able to connect to the RP 3B+, as it only has power cable connected to it.

clear is the way you clear the screen to just it showing the prompt

Next up, I think is resolving the basic weather sensor that I have in one of my kits.  I’m envisioning a breadboard connected to the Pi 3B+ with the sensor on it, and a reading of it as output.  This is before installing WeeWx

A part of me wants to get a bit more comfortable at the command line first, though.

 

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